How does the angle of incidence affect radar signal strength?

The angle of incidence plays a crucial role in the behavior of radar signals as they interact with surfaces. When the angle of incidence is larger—meaning the radar signal strikes the target surface at a more oblique angle—there is typically a higher likelihood that the signal will be scattered rather than reflected back towards the radar receiver. This scattering can lead to a diminished strength of the returned signal, as less energy is directed back in the path of the radar.

In contrast, when radar signals hit a surface at a smaller angle of incidence, they are more likely to be reflected directly back to the radar, resulting in a stronger return signal. Therefore, a greater angle can lead to less efficient signal return and overall diminished signal strength. Understanding this relationship helps radar operators optimize their system settings for better signal performance based on the angle at which they are transmitting signals toward various targets.