What is the primary risk associated with ionising radiation?

The primary risk associated with ionising radiation is the damage to cell structures. Ionising radiation has enough energy to remove tightly bound electrons from atoms, leading to the formation of ions. This process can disrupt the molecular structure of cells, including DNA, proteins, and other critical cellular components. When the DNA is damaged, it may result in mutations that could lead to cancer or other health issues, as well as impair normal cellular function.

Furthermore, the impact of ionising radiation can have both immediate and long-term effects on biological systems. While excessive heat generation pertains to thermal effects, it is not a primary concern related to ionising radiation. Similarly, an increase in humidity or a decrease in signal strength are not relevant to the risks associated with ionising radiation, which primarily affects living organisms at the cellular and molecular levels.